Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
Molybdenum Type 361 is unalloyed, powder-metallurgy molybdenum. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / ASME / UNS) standard system.
Molybdenum is a refractory metal with a very high melting point, high stiffness, low coefficient of thermal expansion and good thermal and electrical conductivity. Type 361 is produced by powder-metallurgy (PM) consolidation — pressing and sintering of molybdenum powder — giving a wrought product with a finer, more uniform grain structure than the vacuum arc-cast grade. It retains strength at elevated temperature and offers good dimensional stability, but like all molybdenum it oxidises rapidly in air above about 500 °C and must be protected or used in vacuum or inert/reducing atmospheres for high-temperature service. The material is covered by ASTM B386/B386M (plate, sheet, strip, foil and ribbon) and ASTM B387/B387M (bar, rod and wire).
Typical applications include high-temperature furnace components, heat shields and boats, electronic and semiconductor supports, glass-melting electrodes, and hot-zone hardware for vacuum furnaces.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 10.22 | g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 2623 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 320 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 5.0 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 142 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 250 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Body-centred cubic (BCC) | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molybdenum | Mo | 99.95 | — | Base element |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.010 | Interstitial impurity |
| Oxygen | O | — | 0.0030 | Interstitial impurity |
| Nitrogen | N | — | 0.0020 | Interstitial impurity |
| Iron | Fe | — | 0.010 | Residual impurity |
| Nickel | Ni | — | 0.005 | Residual impurity |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.005 | Residual impurity |
Stress-relieved condition, typical values for ASTM B386 Type 361.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Stress-relieved | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥415 MPa (60 ksi) |
| Stress-relieved | 0.2% yield strength | ≥280 MPa (41 ksi) |
| Stress-relieved | Elongation at break | ≥10 % |
| Recrystallised | Tensile strength (UTS) | lower; more ductile |
| — | Elastic modulus | 320 GPa |
Confirm against the mill test report. Properties depend on product form, thickness and metallurgical condition (stress-relieved versus recrystallised).
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Reducing / inert atmospheres | Excellent | Preferred high-temperature environment |
| Vacuum service | Excellent | Stable; low vapour pressure |
| Many liquid metals / molten glass | Very Good | Widely used for glass-melting |
| Oxidizing atmospheres (air, >500 °C) | Poor | Forms volatile MoO₃; must be protected |
| Mineral acids | Variable | Resists some; attacked by oxidizing acids |
Molybdenum performs excellently in vacuum and reducing or inert atmospheres but oxidises rapidly in air above about 500 °C, forming volatile MoO₃; protective coatings or controlled atmospheres are required for high-temperature air service.
A refractory metal; not hardenable by precipitation. Properties are governed by working and the stress-relieved or recrystallised condition.
Stress Relief Stress relieve below the recrystallisation temperature (typically about 870–980 °C) to retain worked strength while relieving residual stress. Full recrystallisation anneal raises ductility but lowers strength. Perform thermal treatment in vacuum or a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation.
Welding is difficult; the weld zone recrystallises and the metal is sensitive to embrittlement by interstitials (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon). Electron-beam and gas-tungsten-arc welding under high-purity shielding are used where required.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| EBW (vacuum) | Acceptable | Preferred; minimises contamination |
| GTAW / TIG | Limited | High-purity inert shielding essential |
| Brazing | Good | Common alternative to fusion welding |
Welds tend to be brittle owing to recrystallisation and interstitial pickup; brazing or mechanical joining is often preferred.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Fair; sharp carbide tooling, rigid setups |
| Condition | Stress-relieved for best machining behaviour |
| Coolant | Ample coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Limited; ductile-to-brittle transition above room temperature |
| Hot forming | Warm/hot working above the DBTT; protect from oxidation |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Furnaces / heat treatment | Heat shields, boats, hot-zone hardware | High-temperature strength + low CTE |
| Electronics / semiconductor | Supports, substrates, sputter targets | Conductivity + stability |
| Glass industry | Glass-melting electrodes, stirrers | Resistance to molten glass |
| Lighting / high-temperature | Filaments supports, components | Refractory performance |
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, sheet, strip and foil | ASTM B386 (Type 361) | Powder metallurgy |
| Bar, rod and wire | ASTM B387 (Type 361) | Powder metallurgy |
| Ribbon | ASTM B386 (Type 361) | — |
| Process route | Powder metallurgy (PM) | — |
Unalloyed powder-metallurgy molybdenum. ASTM B386 / B387 Type 361.
| Type | Composition | Process | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molybdenum Type 360 | Unalloyed Mo | Vacuum arc-cast | General high-temperature molybdenum |
| Molybdenum Type 361 | Unalloyed Mo | Powder metallurgy | Fine-grain unalloyed molybdenum; furnace and electronic parts |
| Molybdenum Type 364 | Mo-0.5Ti-0.1Zr (TZM) | Powder metallurgy | Higher-strength, higher-recrystallisation TZM |
| Molybdenum Type 366 | Mo-30W | Vacuum arc-cast | Molten-zinc and high-temperature corrosion service |
| Molybdenum Type 365 | Unalloyed Mo, low carbon | Vacuum arc-cast | Low-carbon unalloyed molybdenum |
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